What does ozempic pen look like when empty - 28 Aug 2019 ... I stopped Ozempic and this is what happened to me!!! Diabetic tells the good, bad and ugly. Hangry Woman Blood Sugar Hacks + Diabetes ...

 
The diabetes drug semaglutide has been making headline news since the medications Ozempic and Rybelsus received FDA approval to help people with diabetes control their blood sugar. Wegovy is a similar medication approved for obesity treatment. Results of the Ozempic studies show semaglutide can significantly help people control their blood sugar.. Broussard's mortuary winnie

To know when your Ozempic® pen is empty, twist the dose counter (located at the end of the pen) to your prescribed dose. For example, if you are trying to inject 1 mg and …Ozempic Available Strengths and Pen Sizes: • Prefilled pen containing 18 milligrams (mg) in 3 milliliters (mL) that can deliver doses of 0.6 mg, 1.2 mg or 1.8 mg. The same pen will be used for multiple days in a row. • Single-dose pens containing doses of 0.25 mg or 0.5 milligrams, 1 mg, or 2 mg. A new pen will be used for each dose each week.The most common side effects of Ozempic® may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach (abdominal) pain, and constipation. Ozempic (semaglutide) injection 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg is an injectable prescription medicine used: along with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar (glucose) in adults with type 2 diabetes.The Ozempic 0.25mg/0.5mg per dose pen does not offer a 1mg dose option, which can be problematic if the doctor has increased the dose to 1mg per dose. Patients can utilize two consecutive 0.5mg doses to attain a 1mg total dose and avoid wasting any remaining medication in the pen, although it is important to consult healthcare professionals for ...1. Prepare your pen. Check your Ozempic® pen. Read the label to check that your pen contains Ozempic ®. Make sure that the Ozempic ® medicine in your pen is clear and colorless. 2. Attach a new needle. Tear off the …Ozempic dosage: Ozempic dosage starts at 0.25 mg a week and is gradually increased to a maximum of 2 mg per week. It is given via an injection pen. With Wegovy, the only difference is that the maximum amount is 2.4 mg weekly. Ozempic side effects: The most common side effects of Ozempic are: Nausea and vomiting; Diarrhea; DehydrationHow do I know when my Ozempic pen is empty? It is helpful to know the number of doses of Ozempic in your pen. The 0.25/0.5 mg pen, 3 mL size, contains …Bottom Line. There are 3 different self-injectable pen options with Ozempic. Each pen contains 2 mg in 1.5 mL, 4 mg / 3 mL, or 8 mg / 3 mL. One pen option contains 4 doses of the 0.25 mg per week starting dose and 2 doses of the 0.5 weekly maintenance dose. This pen can also be used for 4 doses of the 0.5 mg weekly dose.Weight loss is a famous side effect of Ozempic, the Type 2 diabetes drug, but patients often find they must avoid certain foods on the medication.. It's a similar story with Wegovy, the form of Ozempic approved for weight loss.Both contain semaglutide, a synthetic version of a hormone known as GLP-1, which the body releases into the intestine when people eat food, TODAY.com previously reported.What this law really does is it puts the future of this hugely popular app with 170 million American users into question. TikTok has reshaped the way many people listen to music. It's changed ...Comparator adverse event rates are not an adequate basis for comparison of safety between products. Incidence of severe hypoglycemia was ≤1.5% across all placebo-controlled trials 2. Incidence of severe hypoglycemia or blood glucose-confirmed hypoglycemia (% of patients) was 4% with Ozempic ® 0.5 mg, 6% with Ozempic ® 1 mg, and 11% with ...Ozempic (semaglutide) is a prescription medication that is used to control blood sugar in people with type two diabetes. It is injected into the body through a small needle that is housed in a pen-like device that can be transported in a pocket, purse or other small container. This medication is not for use in people with type one diabetes due ...Side Effects. See also Warning section. Swelling/redness/ itching at the injection site, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation may occur. Nausea usually lessens as you continue to ...Oct 5, 2023 · Q: Can I reuse an empty Ozempic pen? A: No, it is not recommended to reuse an empty Ozempic pen. Once the medication is used up, the pen should be discarded according to the instructions provided. Q: How long does an Ozempic pen last? A: The duration of an Ozempic pen depends on the dosage prescribed and the frequency of injections. 3. Identifying Signs of an Empty Ozempic Pen: A Step-by-Step Walkthrough. When it comes to managing diabetes, knowing when your Ozempic pen is empty is crucial in ensuring you receive the right dose of medication. To help you with this, we have put together a simple step-by-step guide to identify the signs of an empty Ozempic pen:According to Lee, stopping Ozempic can include any or all of the following: Appetite and food cravings return. Weight gain occurs. Blood sugars increase. For patients with diabetes, reduced blood ...Ozempic (semaglutide) is an injection used to treat Type 2 diabetes in adults. It can take up to 8 weeks to see the full effects of Ozempic. But some people may start seeing some blood glucose (sugar) improvements shortly after starting treatment. Ozempic isn't considered a controlled substance or specialty drug.The only difference between generics and their brand-name counterparts is the generics are less costly and may look slightly different (e.g. different shape or color), as trademark laws stop a generic from looking exactly like the brand-name drug.The inability to empty the bladder is a sign of urinary retention, which is a condition that prevents the bladder from emptying fully, according to MedicineNet. There are acute and...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.The Ozempic ® injection is supplied as a clear, colorless solution in a prefilled, disposable, single-patient-use pen in the following packaging configurations 1: Red-label pen: Contains 2 mg of semaglutide in a 3 mL (0.68 mg/mL) pen. Delivers doses of 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg per injection. What does Ozempic look like? ... Ozempic Pen Injector Images. The following details are for drugs with an NDC of 00169477212. Ozempic Pen Injector 2Mg/0.75Ml. There are a few options. "Ozempic is a GLP-1 agonist that is FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes," Inteso says. "There are several other GLP-1 agonists that are available for type 2 diabetes ...You may have heard about "Ozempic face" as a side effect of GLP-1 drugs, though the term is misleading because this can be a side effect of any GLP-1 drug or any other cause of rapid weight loss. The rapid loss of fat in the face can cause: a hollowed look to the face. changes in the size of the lips, cheeks, and chin. wrinkles on the face.Look through the pen window. If OZEMPIC looks cloudy or contains particles, do not use the pen. • Take a new needle, and tear off the paper tab. Do not attach a new needle to your pen until you are ready to give your injection. • Push the needle straight onto the pen. Turn until it is on tight. • The needle is covered by 2 caps.Ozempic may also be given to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events, such as a heart attack or stroke, in people with type 2 diabetes who also have heart disease. Ozempic is effective at reducing blood glucose levels and it also reduces body weight. Ozempic is given once a week, on the same day each week (for example, every Monday).Q: Can I reuse an empty Ozempic pen? A: No, it is not recommended to reuse an empty Ozempic pen. Once the medication is used up, the pen should be discarded according to the instructions provided. Q: How long does an Ozempic pen last? A: The duration of an Ozempic pen depends on the dosage prescribed and the frequency of injections.The maximum recommended dose of Ozempic is 1 mg, injected once per week. 8 Using too much Ozempic or taking it too frequently can lead to an overdose and increase the risk of harmful side effects. Taking another glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist can increase the risk of an overdose and dangerously low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia. 9Ozempic and other GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic the function of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide 1. There are GLP-1 receptors in the brain that when stimulated result in a decrease in appetite.Feb 16, 2024 · The Ozempic pen is a pre-filled, disposable pen used with the Ozempic injection solution. It dispenses doses of 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1 mg, depending on your prescribed treatment plan. The pen also features a dose counter, which helps you and your healthcare provider track your medication consumption. Oprah Winfrey put her slim new body on display at the 2023 AFI Fest on Oct. 27th—and the pictures are stunning! The talk show host wore a white suit that buttoned at the waist to accentuate her ...Most insulins are water-like liquid medicines that are clear and colorless. A visual inspection usually allows you to tell if your insulin pens, cartridges, or vials have gone bad. If you notice a change of color, if it looks cloudy, or if you find clumps, strings, or frost inside, it's gone bad. Immediately throw it away.High fat foods or sugary foods. Ozempic can cause nausea and vomiting if taken after eating foods high in fat or sugar. It is recommended that you take Ozempic before meals, rather than after, to minimise any potential side effects from eating high-fat or high-sugar foods. Foods high in fat or sugar include candy, ice cream, doughnuts ...Ozempic ® is a medicine for adults with type 2 diabetes that, along with diet and exercise, may improve blood sugar. While not for weight loss, Ozempic ® may help you lose some weight. Adults with type 2 diabetes taking Ozempic ® lost up to 14 pounds. c. cOzempic® is not a weight-loss drug.3) Put it in your carry-on bag. Ozempic is sensitive to light and extreme temperatures. Never leave it in your checked luggage. The luggage storage areas of commercial planes are not always well insulated, so their temperatures can fluctuate, and the medication may spoil. Packing the injectable pens in your carry-on bag is the best option.The yellow-label Ozempic pen contains 2 mg doses — the highest Ozempic dose available. It comes in a carton with four NovoFine Plus needles. The NDC on the yellow-label Ozempic pen should be 0169-4772-11, and the carton NDC should be 0169-4772-12. The dose counter will show -0- and 2 when dialing up a dose.In this story. Medicare doesn't cover drugs prescribed for weight loss, but it covers popular weight loss drugs Ozempic and Wegovy when they're prescribed for other reasons. Medicare didn't cover Wegovy when it was FDA-approved only for weight loss, but it can now cover the drug because on March 8, the FDA approved its use for adults with ...With Ozempic, I've lost 40 lbs since June, with another 40 to go and it felt like it was almost no effort at all. It's glorious! So I've switched my mindset to accept that I will be on Ozempic, at least at a maintenance dose, for life. I never ever want to gain back all that weight and will do whatever it takes to ensure that won't happen.I've had it happen before but thankfully I had an extra from a sample I was given. I'm able to test my pen, but the dial won't turn. Call the hotline phone number printed inside the box and ask them to send a new pen. They will send you something to return the busted one so they can check for manufacturing issues in the mechanism.Ozempic is a prescription medication that’s used to treat type 2 diabetes and help with weight management. It contains a substance called semaglutide, which acts like a hormone called GLP-1 that your bodies naturally produce.. Here’s how it works: When you eat, your bodies release GLP-1 to help control your blood sugar levels.But in people with obesity …This happened to me. I realized you only have to check the flow before your FIRST dose with a NEW pen. Every dose after that - you don't need to go to the dotted line. Just click up to your dose that week and inject like usual. Don't be like me and do it like 3 freaking times in a row and waste a needle and precious medication.The weight loss medication Ozempic has become the most talked-about drug in Hollywood, with several celebrities like Kyle Richards and Garcelle Beauvais denying that they've taken it to shed ...Comes as a pre-filled pen that is easy to use: Not very effective for weight loss; not covered by all insurance providers; can be expensive: Reduces A1C by about 1.4%: Ozempic (semaglutide) 0.25 mg in the first four weeks; 0.5 mg thereafter. If, after 4 weeks, more blood sugar control is needed, the dose can be increased to 1 mgUpon removal I then wiped the site with the alcohol wipe once again and noticed a lump about half an inch wide at the injection site. It has slowly gone down over ten minutes and has now left a small red lump at the site with no pain or sensitivity. I'm concerned now this hasn't entered the correct layer and if the dose will be effective.Ozempic Face is characterized by a gaunt, hollow facial appearance due to sagging skin and volume loss, which is caused by fat loss occurring over a short amount of time. Loose skin can emphasize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, jowls along the jawline, and hollows in the midface and under the eyes.Evidence also shows that medications like Ozempic, ... NovoCare, a medical resource for people with diabetes, the list price for a 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 milligram (mg) injection pen is $935.77 ...The glucagon-like peptide 1 drug Ozempic received FDA approval for use in adults with type 2 diabetes in late 2017.But lately, it's been in the headlines for other reasons: Purported weight loss ...Check the patient information leaflet for Ozempic to see what the genuine Ozempic pens should look like. You must not use Ozempic pens that you suspect are falsified as this may lead to serious health consequences. If you have a pen that does not show the features of the original pen, return them immediately to your pharmacy and …Ozempic ® (semaglutide) injection 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg is an injectable prescription medicine used: along with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar (glucose) in adults with type 2 diabetes. to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke, or death in adults with type 2 diabetes with known heart disease.Earlier this year, the conversation around Ozempic exploded. Currently, the drug, which is a brand name for semaglutide, has 1.2 billion views on TikTok and according to Variety, anyone who looks lATC code: A10BJ06. About Medicine. Prescription only medicine. Healthcare Professionals (SmPC) Patient Leaflet (PIL) Letters to HCPs. The Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) is the leaflet included in the pack with a medicine. Last updated on emc: 19 Apr 2024. This medicinal product is subject to additional monitoring.If it is loose or detached, replace it with a new needle. Check the needle for any clogs or blockages. If there is a blockage, remove the needle and replace it with a new one. 3. Prime the Pen. If the pen is not delivering insulin properly, it may need to be primed. Follow the manufacturer's instructions on how to prime the pen. 4. Check the Dose.Jun 15, 2023 · Ozempic (semaglutide) is a prefilled pen used for once-a-week self-injection to help control blood sugar in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Ozempic is injected under the skin (subcutaneously) on your stomach (abdomen), thigh, or upper arm. There are several steps you must learn to be able to correctly inject Ozempic. Check the clear base of the pen; if it appears completely empty or there is no liquid visible, it is a clear indication that the pen is empty. It is important to note that using an empty OZEMPIC pen can lead to inconsistent dosing, potentially impacting the effectiveness of your treatment.People taking GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy have noticed side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, are exacerbated by eating certain foods. High-fat, ultra-processed, and high-sugar foods ...Jun 16, 2023 · Your pen’s viewing window is the star of this show. After you’ve administered a dose, take a look at the window. If the piston rod visible through this small window has reached or crossed the maximum dose marking line, it’s an indicator that your pen is empty, or nearly so. However, watch out for a pitfall that can mislead you – air ... Fact checked by. Nick Blackmer. The FDA recently added a new potential adverse reaction to the label of type 2 diabetes drug Ozempic. Taking the medication could be linked to ileus, a condition ...The diabetes drug semaglutide has been making headline news since the medications Ozempic and Rybelsus received FDA approval to help people with diabetes control their blood sugar. Wegovy is a similar medication approved for obesity treatment. Results of the Ozempic studies show semaglutide can significantly help people control their blood sugar.Once you have used the Ozempic pen you can leave it at room temperature for the remaining weeks of use; you don't need to refrigerate it. Ask your pharmacist whether the previously frozen pen is safe to use. This is the only …an empty laundry detergent bottle, or coffee can. Refer to local regulations for how to dispose of the container properly. How to use your Ozempic pen: Ensure you have correct pen (0.25 mg/0.5 mg, or 1 mg) A. Pull off pen cap B. Place new needle onto pen and turn until tight C. Pull off the outer needle cap, then the inner needle capThe pen is empty when you can't dial the dose. it only delivers so many doses. You can't dial in another dose. When that happens, there is still liquid in the pen. As the vial is overfilled. it won't be visible, but can be drawn out with a syringe. Edit.. there are 6 needles, I googled... There are 8 x 0.25 or 4x 0.5 or a mix of both, doses in ...Health experts are warning about the rise of fake Ozempic pens being sold online, sending people to the hospital. Johner Images/Getty Images. The maker of Ozempic warns that fake GLP-1 pens have ... To ensure you're getting the full dose of Ozempic, it's important to use the pen correctly. Here are some tips for proper usage: Prime the pen: Before your first dose, you'll need to prime the pen. This removes any air bubbles and ensures the pen is working properly. Follow the instructions provided with your pen to prime it correctly. The pen is a much quicker and easier option, and one of the newer ones that is really in demand these days is the Ozempic pen. It has all the administration advantages that every other pen will, but one of the big appeal points for Ozempic is that users only need to take it one time each week. That’s great, but how to know when Ozempic pen is ... Ozempic contains a small amount of a preservative called phenol. Since an Ozempic pen is used more than once, this helps prevent bacteria and other germs from growing in the medication while the pen is in use. Ozempic is made using recombinant DNA technology. This process involves using DNA, yeast cells, and complex manufacturing processes.Jan 9, 2024 · Alexandra has not experienced nausea or vomiting while taking Ozempic. She does get constipation. The medicine slows digestion, so constipation is a common side effect of taking Ozempic . “I will say, if you eat past when you are full on Ozempic, it feels like you are full for a very long time,” she says. Medical Causes. Drugs and Supplements. Pregnancy. Babies and Children. Seek Medical Care. Stool (poop) tends to be brown. A change in color to green poop can mean you have a digestive disorder or stomach bug. It could also be from something you ate that was green, blue, or purple.Ozempic Leak. I started 0.25 mg of Ozempic two weeks ago. While everything went fine with the first injection, this time when I removed the needle I noticed a very small amount of liquid on my skin from where I had injected it. Does this mean I didn't get the full dose or that I did something wrong?An Ozempic pen is a self-injectable device. It's prefilled with medication and can be used to inject multiple doses of Ozempic. Ozempic pens are prescription-only treatments for type 2 diabetes. ... Generic medications cost less than branded ones like Ozempic, but they're only available once a patent for a branded medication has run out. The pen is a much quicker and easier option, and one of the newer ones that is really in demand these days is the Ozempic pen. It has all the administration advantages that every other pen will, but one of the big appeal points for Ozempic is that users only need to take it one time each week. That’s great, but how to know when Ozempic pen is ... Published literature conclude that when using 30G, 32G, and 34G needles, a thinner needle causes less leakage after an injection. 9 Also according to the literature, needle taper does not influence leakage after injections 28 when comparing a 33G tip tapered needle (28G base) to a 31G straight needle. Therefore, our finding that leakage after ...The term, 'Ozempic face' refers to the increased wrinkling or hollowing of the face when people lose weight, when on the drug Ozempic. A loss of volume in the face can make facial features ...When it comes to writing instruments, having reliable and high-quality refills is essential. Dayacom pen refills are some of the best on the market, providing a smooth writing expe...The presence of air bubbles in Ozempic pens has been an ongoing concern for many users. While these bubbles might seem harmless, they can actually affect the accuracy of insulin dosing and lead to inconsistent results. One possible reason for the formation of air bubbles is improper priming of the pen before use.Fresh fruits that are considered diabetes-friendly due to sugar content, which includes apples, berries, peaches, pears and more. Vegetables of all kinds, including fiber-rich leafy greens. Whole ...Mounjaro (tirzepatide) is a convenient, once-weekly injection for Type 2 diabetes. It's not affected by food, and you can inject it any time during the day. You can switch your injection day as long as at least 3 days have passed since your last dose. Nausea, vomiting, and upset stomach are common side effects of Mounjaro. /ozempic-singapore-empty-pen-guide Take Ozempic® on an empty stomach: Inject the drug about two hours prior to your first meal of the day. Before eating breakfast, administer Ozempic® while your stomach is still empty which assists in absorption. Use the right needle: Always use the needle provided with the drug or by your doctor to ensure adequate depth into the subcutaneous ...Here's what it's not: A medical diagnosis. However, Ozempic face is something people taking anti-obesity medications are reporting that they have …She typically eats lean protein like chicken or turkey, vegetables, and high-protein drinks. What it's like to take Ozempic. Rasheda takes Ozempic every Friday. At least, that's her routine when her pharmacy has Ozempic in stock. "One of the hardest things about taking Ozempic is being able to get it," she says.Ozempic. Ozempic is an injectable type 2 diabetes medication taken once a week. It has also been shown to effectively help users lose weight. Ozempic contains the active ingredient semaglutide. This mimics a hormone that tells your brain you feel full, suppressing your appetite. Although it is not currently available in the UK for weight loss ...The Ozempic pen is a pre-filled, disposable pen used with the Ozempic injection solution. It dispenses doses of 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1 mg, depending on your prescribed treatment plan. The pen also features a dose counter, which helps you and your healthcare provider track your medication consumption.To know when your Ozempic® pen is empty, twist the dose counter (located at the end of the pen) to your prescribed dose. For example, if you are trying to inject 1 mg and …Ozempic is an injection medication that can help lower blood sugar levels in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. But Ozempic can cause side effects like constipation. In clinical studies, about 4% of people experienced constipation while taking Ozempic. You can avoid constipation while taking Ozempic by drinking enough water and eating more ...Rumors have swirled that celebrities like Khloe and Kim Kardashian have been using Ozempic to lose weight fast. FilmMagic. Indeed, the Food and Drug Administration is reporting an ongoing shortage ...

Once you've used the Ozempic pen for the first time, you can keep it in the refrigerator or at room temperature. Remember, you can only use the pen for up to 56 days after the first injection. After that, you must dispose of the pen. Always remove the needle from the Ozempic pen after each injection. Do not store the pen with the needle attached.. Ncis patriot down cast

what does ozempic pen look like when empty

For most people, Ozempic can stay in your system for around 5 weeks after your last dose. However, the time period may be different if you don't have diabetes. You may be told to stop taking Ozempic at least 1 week before surgery to avoid potential complications. And if you want to become pregnant, you may need to stop taking Ozempic at least ...Ozempic (semaglutide) is a prefilled pen used for once-a-week self-injection to help control blood sugar in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Ozempic is injected under the skin (subcutaneously) on your stomach (abdomen), thigh, or upper arm. There are several steps you must learn to be able to correctly inject Ozempic.Ozempic and weight loss: How the drug works in the body. Before discussing what healthy eating on Ozempic looks like, knowing how the drug works in your body for weight loss is essential. “GLP-1 drugs like brand name Wegovy and Ozempic help control one’s appetite by increasing feelings of fullness and reducing hunger,” Adamrovich …Ozempic® contains the active ingredient semaglutide. Ozempic ® belongs to a group of medicines called 'GLP-1 receptor agonists' which help control how the pancreas works. Ozempic ® is an injection that is used once a week. Ozempic® is used to lower blood sugar (glucose) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The presence of air bubbles in Ozempic pens has been an ongoing concern for many users. While these bubbles might seem harmless, they can actually affect the accuracy of insulin dosing and lead to inconsistent results. One possible reason for the formation of air bubbles is improper priming of the pen before use.nausea and vomiting. upset stomach. In many cases, mild side effects from the drug can be temporary. Some side effects may be easy to manage, too. But if side effects last for a longer time, or if ...Ozempic and weight loss: How the drug works in the body. Before discussing what healthy eating on Ozempic looks like, knowing how the drug works in your body for weight loss is essential. “GLP-1 drugs like brand name Wegovy and Ozempic help control one’s appetite by increasing feelings of fullness and reducing hunger,” Adamrovich explains.Ozempic and Saxenda have some of the same side effects. These include diarrhea, nausea, kidney damage, fatigue (low energy), pancreatitis, and gallbladder disease. Ozempic and Saxenda can also ...If Ozempic gets too hot, it may not work properly. The medication should not be exposed to temperatures above 86°F or 30°C. If the medication has been exposed to high temperatures, it should be discarded and a new pen should be used. In summary, Ozempic is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes in adults.Ozempic is an injectable type 2 diabetes medication. It's meant to be taken once weekly instead of daily, which is one of its advantages. Ozempic may also help you lose weight. Patients taking medication like Ozempic lose an average of 3-5.5 pounds, but you may notice more weight loss if you make healthy lifestyle changes as well.Ozempic improves both fasting and post-prandial (after meal) blood glucose concentrations; however, based on its long-acting formulation, it has a stronger effect on fasting plasma glucose. You can expect your A1c to reduce by about 1.2- 1.8%, depending on the weekly dosage used. Ozempic, like other GLP-1 RAs, is associated with low risk of low ...Weight loss is a famous side effect of Ozempic, the Type 2 diabetes drug, but patients often find they must avoid certain foods on the medication.. It's a similar story with Wegovy, the form of Ozempic approved for weight loss.Both contain semaglutide, a synthetic version of a hormone known as GLP-1, which the body releases into the intestine when people eat food, TODAY.com previously reported..

Popular Topics